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This article is about the sport. For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation).

Tennis

The US Open is a prestigious Grand Slam tournament.
Highest governing body	International Tennis Federation
First played	19th century (U.K.)
Characteristics
Contact	No
Team members	Single or doubles
Categorization	Racquet sport
Equipment	Tennis ball, tennis racquet
Olympic	1896-1924, 1988-present

Tennis is a sport usually played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including people in wheelchairs.
The modern game of tennis originated in the United Kingdom in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis" which has close connections to various field/lawn games as well as to the ancient game of real tennis. Up to then, "tennis" referred to the latter sport: for example, in Disraeli's novel Sybil (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will "go down to Hampton Court and play tennis. As it is the Derby [classic horse race], nobody will be there".^[1] After its creation, lawn tennis spread throughout the upper-class English-speaking population before spreading around the world.^[2]
The rules of tennis have not changed much since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of the tie-break in the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point challenge system, which allows a player to challenge the line (or chair) umpire's call of a point. Players have unlimited opportunity to challenge, but once three incorrect challenges are made in a set, they cannot challenge again until the next set. If the set goes to a tie break, players are given one additional opportunity to challenge the call. This electronic review, currently called Hawk-Eye, is available at a limited number of high-level ATP and WTA tournaments.

Tennis is enjoyed by millions of recreational players and is also a hugely popular worldwide spectator sport, especially the four Grand Slam tournaments (also referred to as the "Majors"): the Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay courts, Wimbledon played on grass courts, and the US Open played also on hard courts.

AKU & TEKNOLOGI PADA HARI INI

Ada sebuah artikel menarik di Washington University di St Louis situs tentang peningkatan penggunaan robotics dalam operasi militer. Beberapa peneliti universitas dan Smart dicatat bahwa militer mengharapkan agar robot diimplementasikan sebagai kekuatan sampai 30% di tahun 2020 oleh militer. Dengan peningkatan penyebaran yang tak udara kendaraan (UAV), robot mencari IED dan perangkat pengawasan robot,  dengan ini tampaknya tujuan penciptaan robot akan segera tercapai. Dengan memperhatikan hal itu mungkin waktu untuk yang akan mempertanyakan militer robot dapat digunakan untuk fasilitas keamanan dari radiasi kimia?

MAPPING MICROFINANCE IN INDONESIA

MAPPING MICROFINANCE IN INDONESIA

Microfinance is globally acknowledged as an effective instrument in alleviating poverty. Microfinance refers to finance services such as credit, savings, insurance provided for low-income people or widely called economically active poor. And as we know, this year is becoming the International Year of Microcredit (Microfinance) as what the United Nations has mentioned.

In Indonesia micro finance services are implemented by micro finance institutions that can be divided into two categories, i.e., bank and non-bank sectors. BRI (Peoples’ Bank of Indonesia) and BPR (Rural Bank) belong to bank sector, while non-bank sector can be classified into two kinds: non formal and formal.

Formal category includes cooperative, Lembaga Dana dan Kredit Pedesaan (LDKP/rural credit financing institution), pawnshop, and Badan Kredit Desa (BKD/ rural credit association). LDKP gets formal status formal Pemda (local government) while BKD is supervised by BRI on behalf of BI (Central Bank of Indonesia). Classified into non-formal category, micro finance institutions are carried out by NGOs and self-help groups.

The demand driven for micro finance development is so great, considering that 98.5% business entity in Indonesia or 41.8 million of business units are still in micro category, of which less than 10 million of business units get finance services from formal market. The rest are mostly trapped into informal market called money lenders. The interest rates charged by money lenders are so high (ranging from 20%-50% per month).

The Indonesian government indeed does not stay doing nothing to face this situation. To overcome it, government has implemented projects and programs, most of them with micro finance component. These programs have wide scale and great outreach to the people. There are 70 projects of government institutions (supported donors, with  budget almost US $300 millions) which have a micro finance component. Many of them do not follow micro finance best practices (ADB, 2003)

Different from many other countries in which micro finance is developed by NGOs, in Indonesia micro finance development role is hold by government. Unfortunately, the main weakness of government project is that it is not sustainable. Psychologically in encountering such a project, the people consider it as grant so that sometimes it is not repaid. Furthermore, the interest applied is subsidized which results in negative impact or distortion on micro finance (commercialization) industry.

Previously, global movement on micro finance also got its momentum when Microcredit Summit was conducted in Washington in 1997. Further, based on lessons learned from the best practitioners over the world, it was agreed that in developing   micro finance require the following points: